Heart malformations

Heart malformations can be divided into three main groups: defects without shunt, defects with left-right shunt and defects with right-left shunt.

Heart defects without shunt (non cyanotic)

Heart defects without shunt do not cause cyanosis. The main types are stenosis of the aortic valve, stenosis of the aortic isthmus (coarctation of the aorta) proximal (preductal) or distal (postductal) to the ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary stenosis.