Human Embryology and Teratology
Teaching text 17: Skin and musculature 18: Pharyngeal arches, eyes, tongue
The muscles of the pharyngeal arches originate from the non-segmented paraxial mesenchyme of the head (somitomeres). The extra-ocular muscles originate from the prechordal mesenchyme. The cells for the tongue muscles migrate from the ventro-lateral part of the occipital somites.
For information on the muscles of the limbs, see Development of the limbs, musculature.