Human Embryology and Teratology

Teaching text  1: Fertilization and pre-implantation phase  13: Malformations and anomalies

Malformations

Ectopic implantation

Implantation usually occurs in the medio-sagittal plane, mostly at the dorsal wall of the uterus. However, it can also take place in other regions.

Early abortion in the pre-implantation phase

Early abortion occurs during the first 16 weeks after the last menstrual period. A great number of early abortion takes place in the pre-implantation phase. A precise number of these abortions cannot be given since most of them are unnoticed. There is a variety of causes. Chromosomal aberrations may play an important role.

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